西藏曆法傳承的探討

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Title:	西藏曆法傳承的探討
Authors:	耿振華
Contributors:	臺北市立教育大學歷史與地理學系
Keywords:	西藏曆法
Date:	1995
Issue Date:	2009-07-20 15:02:59 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	中文摘要　　　　　本文旨在探討西藏曆法發展實貌,並分析其所承受本土、中國、印度各方面的影響,做為西藏文化多元結構的佐證。西藏曆法思想他來自吐蕃時期贊普世系大事記的口傳神話歷史。松贊幹布的大臣吐蕃桑布扎綜合象雄瑪爾文與印度梵文創立文字以後，西藏開始將口傳神話追記成為歷史文獻。接著，漢地曆法隨著文成公主和親傳入西藏，西藏產生以十二生肖循環編年記事的曆法。西藏編年記事的曆法又逐步的受到外來文化的影響，漢地的陰陽五行甲子記年成為西藏的遶迴記年，漢地以星宿記月記時辰也被西藏曆法所吸收，至於藏曆中以曜星辰記日的方式則與印度、西洋、日本近似。因此，以曆法制度而言，雖則西藏擁有本土產生的曆法思想，然而西藏曆法制度中也同時含有漢地與印度的外來成分，這些外來成分使得西藏文化與世界上西洋、日本等國家有著共通性，文化的開放性與包容性正是藏族能歷久彌新的主因。英文摘要　　　　　This paper attends to study the Tibetan Calendar and its development. Wiht thetraditional influence as well as the extrnal ones from China and India, the Tibetanculture was then formed as a plural structure. The great event records and oral mythsin period of Tsan-pu were the source of Tibetan Calendar. Down to the Sung- tsenGanpu's age, Thon-rni Sambhuta, a high official, created characters synthesized fromZhang-zhung's words and Indian words. Then, they traced back these past oral mythas written history. Fllowing Princess Wen-cheng's marriage, Chinese calendar introduced into Tibet.Hence they had the chronicle calendar of twelve animials corresponding to years. Inpluenced from abroad, they absorbed the five primary elements with Tien- kan and Ti-chihconbined in turn chronolgical order, also the sidereeal calendar. We find that the sevenstars used for the days of a week in Tibetan calendar, very similarity with India, Jepanand some other western countries. Thus we may conclude that the Tibetan calendar had its native feature, and concurrently, its accepted foreign cultures. This open-minded and magnanimous attitude keepsthe Tibetans up-to-date forever.
Relation:	臺北市立師範學院學報, 26, p.199-212
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Social Studies Education] Periodical Articles

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