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    题名: 國小資優班與普通班學生創造性思考訓練成效之比較研究
    The Effects Of Creativity Training Programs on the Creative Thinking Abilities of Normal and Gifted Children
    作者: 陳榮華
    日期: 1985-06
    上传时间: 2011-12-07 11:39:22 (UTC+8)
    出版者: 臺北市立師範專科學校
    摘要:   美國自從Guilford(1950)倡導創造力之研究以來,有關創造力的研究報告,到1964年已超過四千篇。早期的研究較著重於分析創造力的內涵,探討影響創造思考能力發展的因素,以及編製創造思考能力的測量工具(Guilford, 1967; Torrance, 1966, 1974a, 1974b)新近的研究重點逐漸轉移到創造思考能力訓練成效之實驗研究。Torrance & Torrance (1973)的綜合研究曾分析142篇有關創造思考的訓練報告,得知約有72%的訓練案例獲得顯著的成功。
      反觀我國在創造思考力方面之研究,自民國57年起,陸續有若干學人倡導及從事研究,並已修訂四套托浪思創造思考測驗。近年來臺北市各級學校在教育局大力倡導之下,雖然已陸續展開,但是有關創造思考訓練成效之實證性研究,以及在教育情境的一系列運用,尚不多見。我國之科技發展水準雖然已有進步,但若與列強相比,相距甚遠。其原因雖多,在一般教育上忽視創造性思考教學,誠為其中一大主因。
      本研究的目的計有:(1)參酌中外已發表的創造思考訓練方案及策略,試編適合國情的國語科創造思考教學方案,並進行教學成效的實驗性研究。(2)探討國語科創造思考教學力案之實施,宜採用「分散教學」,抑或採用「集中教學」較能增進國小兒童之創造思考能力;(3)創造性思考的教學成效,是否因受試的智力水準不同(即資優兒童組與普通兒童組)而有差異。(4)配合本項實驗目的,試編「語意擴散性思考測驗」一套,並評估其可行性及有效性。
      本研究採用兩種實驗設計,一是採二因子共變數分析設計,探討本周教學組別與智力組別兒童接受國語科創造性思考教學方案後的創造力差異。二是採單因子共變數分析,探討接受國語科創造性思考教學方案與否,對一般國小四年級學童的創造力有何不同影響。受試取自臺北市立師專附小、中山、西門及永樂等四所國小四年級學童,取二十一班(包括三班資優班),共840人(資優班兒童有74人),採隨機分派方式將各班兒童分配到各實驗組。自編國語科創造性思考教學方案,共有二十四個單元,每一個單元有四個創造性思考活動,每一個活動的施教時間為十分鐘。集中教學組是配合國語課;每上一課,加入四十分鐘的創造性思考活動。分散教學組則配合每一課國語教學,分成四節,每節只施教一個活動,時間是十分鐘,整個實驗教學的時間是十五週。
      本實驗結果獲知:(1)自編國語科創造性思考活動教學方案,很顯著地增進實驗組兒童的創造力及擴散性思考能力,而且頗受實驗班師生的歡迎,值得推廣。(2)集中教學組與分散教學組的成績優劣參半,不太容易分出高下,故教師可依照教學進度及學童需要參酌採用。(3)資優兒童組的十五項創造力及擴散性思考能力得分均很顯著優於普通班兒童。(4)自編語意擴散性思考測驗一套,很適合作為評量國語科創造性思考教學方案的有效工具,值得擴大建立常模及效度。

    英文摘要
      The main purpose of this study is to determine whether the creativity training program can enhance the creative thinking abilities of the fourth-grade students. In addition, this study is also to investigate the influence of IQ level and instructional model upon the effectiveness of the program.
      A total of 840 fourth-grade students from 21 classes (including 18 regular classes and 3 gifted classes) were participated in the study. The subjects were randomly assigned to three groups: the first group students received creativity training with distributed practice, the second group students received creativity training with massed practice, and the third group served as a control group which was no exposure of creativity training.
      The instructional materials were administered to the experimental groups by the well-trained teachers for 15 consecutive weeks. Pre- and post-test with Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking and Chinese Semantic Test of Divergent Thinking yield 15 creativity scores. Those data were analyzed by 2×2 analysis of covariance, and a single factorial analysis.
      The result of this experimental study find: 1) The creativity training program apparently enhance the creativity and divergent thinking on expetimental group; 2) Among the 15 creativity scores, there are no significant differences between the distributed and massed practice; therefore, the teacher can choose between the two models according to the teaching progress and the students' need. 3) The 15 creativity scores of the gifted students in the training program are higher than those of the regular students. 4) This set of Chinese Semantic Test of Divergent Thinking is quite available for the evaluation of the Creativity Training Program, and thus it is worth to be standardized.
    關聯: 北市師專學報
    第16期
    1-64
    显示于类别:[研究發展處] 北市師專學報(12-18期)

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