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    Title: 西方文化和現代中國教育
    Western Influence and Modern Chinese Education
    Authors: 陳迺臣
    Date: 1988-06
    Issue Date: 2011-12-07 11:47:45 (UTC+8)
    Publisher: 臺北市立師範學院
    Abstract: 中文摘要
      西方文化對中國教育的影響是錯綜複雜的。我們很難明確指出,西方文化的哪些成分影響或促發了現代中國教育哪一方面或哪一部分的變化。本文重點在於西方一些哲學和教育理論,對現代中國基本教育理念的形成,產生了什麼樣顯著的影響。其中之一是杜威的實用主義。杜威哲學與新儒學、三民主義的比較,以及杜威哲學對現代中國教育改革的影響,在本文中都有描述。
      杜威基本教育概念的分析,有助於澄清他教育思想之真義。先做到此點,才能順利抽繹出其對我國現代教育足資借鏡之處。在描述杜威哲學之前,本文亦先敘明了西方文化傳入中國的經過。本研究指出中國教育哲學正在轉型之中,試圖融會中西文化之長。杜威哲學與儒家思想、三民主義之同處與異處,都將有助於此一融會。
      西方文化對中國教育的影響是錯綜複雜的。我們很難明確指出西方文化的哪些成分,影響或促發了現代中國教育哪一力面或哪一部分的變化。而且這也不是寫作本文的目的所在。本文的重點是放在西方的一些哲學和教育理論,對於現代中國一些基本教育概念和觀念的形成,產生了什麼樣的顯著的影響。其中之一是杜威的實用主義。此將在本文的第二節討論。杜威哲學的引進中國,杜威到中國的訪問、講學,杜威哲學與新儒學的比較,杜威哲學與國父思想的關係,以及杜威哲學對現代中國教育改革運動的影響等,都將在第二節中加以描述。
      杜威的基本教育概念的分析,應有助於澄清他真正說了些什麼,意指的又是一些什麼。先做到這一點,才能順利地抽繹出其對我國現代教育的啟示所在。換句話說,本文之對杜威思想的討論,是為了顯示出杜威的教育哲學是什麼,如何影響了中國,而不是為了要批判他的理論。
      除了杜威重要的教育方面的著作以外,本文也參考了他在中國訪問期間的演說辭。這些講稿最先雖是用英文寫出,但並沒有保存下來,過去通行的只是中文的翻譯講辭,直到一九七三年才被「還原」成英文出版。這些演說有許多只是複述了杜威在其他著作中說過的話,但是很顯然,這些話之所以被杜威挑選出來在中國傳述,是因為它們特別適合於當時中國教育發展的情境,至少杜威本人是如此認為的。
      在對杜威哲學作描述之前,本人將先敘明西方文化傳入中國的經過。西方文化的較大規模的輸入,可溯自十六世紀,或甚至更早,但是本文的重點是置於近一百五十年。西方文化輸入的途徑是基督教的教士及其團體、翻譯事業、和中國的留洋學生。輸入的內容主要包含了西方技藝、自然科學、政治理論和制度、教育理論和制度,還有哲學。

    Abstract
      The Western influence in Chinese education is interwoven and complicated. It is difficult to determine accurately which ingredients from the West contributed to the change or reform of which aspect or portion of education in modern China. The present study focuses on some philosophies and educational theories which have had a significant influence on forming some basic educational concepts and ideas in modern China. One of these is John Dewey's pragmatism. The introduction of Dewey's philosophy into China, Dewey's visit to China, the relation of Dewey's philosophy to Neo-Confucianism, its relation to Sun Yat-senism, and its influence on educational reform movements have been sketched.
      The analysis of John Dewey's basic educational concepts is given in order to clarify what he really said and meant, so that educational implications for modern China can be drawn, in addition to Dewey's important works on education, some of his lectures in China which became available in English in 1973 are consulted.
      Prior to the description of John Dewey's philosophy of education, a general review is taken on the introduction of Western culture into China. The study points out that Chinese philosophy of education and other aspects of culture presently are undergoing a transformation , trying to integrate the merits of Western and Chinese cultures, thus constructing a new mind. The similarities and even the differences between John Dewey's philosophy and Confucianism, Neo-Confucianism as well as Sun Yat-senism can contribute to the integration.
    Relation: 臺北市立師範學院學報
    19期
    1~31
    Appears in Collections:[Office of Academic Affairs] 臺北市立師範學院學報 (19-36卷1期)

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