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    题名: The Ethical Reconfiguration of The Body in Philip Roth's Exit Ghost
    作者: 張期敏
    贡献者: 臺北市立教育大學
    关键词: body
    Levinas
    exit ghost
    illness
    senility
    日期: 2012-04
    上传时间: 2013-03-11 14:11:25 (UTC+8)
    摘要: Nathan Zuckerman has been the distinct narrator-protagonist in Philip Roth’s Zuckerman novels, starting from The Ghost Writer (1979). Different from the previous eight novels, Exit Ghost (2007) portrayed Zuckerman as an author, ill and senile.
    Coming back to New York city after his 11-year rural seclusion in search of medical cure, Zuckerman found he was a “no longer,” no longer fit in the technologically-wrapped urban milieu, no longer following contemporary literary taste, and even failing to maintain what he used to be. More acute suffering is while his desire was ignited by a young but married woman, he no longer possessed the body to enact his passion. The “no-longer” correspondence between one’s body and desire or mind gives rise to the re-configuration of the ethical relation, not only in love, in friendship but in writing.
    Suffered from the impotence and incontinence, Zuckerman went through ethical difficulties marked by the idea of the body, the inevitable helplessness of old age and sickness. Corresponding to Emmanuel Levinas’s idea of the radical passivity in face of the other as well as the embodied ethical subject, the ethical relation in Exit Ghost is worth-exploring in that the ethical responsibility implied a predicament when others made inescapable the corporeal declining and disabilities and requested a different ethical edge or possibility. That is, responding to others is one thing, but to preserve the sense of selfhood is an-other. The reading of Roth’s Exit Ghost is like the extension of the loop of Levinas’s ethics in which the other was put ahead of the consciousness of the self, the ipseity. The other half of the ethical loop presented in Exit Ghost was a situation in which the self was radically passive and vulnerable in face of one’s own body as the Other.
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