The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of co-occurring SP dysfunction in preschool children with and without autism in different temperament characteristics and then examine the relationship between sensory processing patterns and temperament characteristics. A total of 111 children aged 48-84 months, 67 children with autism and 44 age-matched typically developing children participated in this study. The results showed that 67.74% of children with autism who were perceived as “difficult children” had SP dysfunction, while 12.9% typically developing children who were perceived as “difficult children” had SP dysfunction. We also found that children with autism might be the predictor for the temperament characteristic of Distractibility and Threshold. Additionally, it revealed that sensory processing pattern was associated with temperament characteristics both in preschool children with autism and typically developing children. This study provided further understanding of the relationships between temperament and sensory processing patterns and help clinicians and parents support children with autism in their daily lives and plan appropriate intervention programs.